The Vietnam War and Communism - 1192 Words

The Vietnam War was costly not only to our armed forces but to our American economy and American morale. We entered the war in an attempt to end the communist regime of North Vietnam and their southern allies, the Vietcong, from taking over South Vietnam. South Vietnam was an ally of the United States and due to this political relationship; the United States was entitled to help defend their ally. More than 58,000 Americans were killed in the Vietnam War. By 1969 it was the peak of American involvement in the war and more than 500,000 U.S. military personnel were involved in the Vietnam conflict. Throughout the war growing opposition towards participation of military forces threatened the support of the war. American citizens began to†¦show more content†¦The second lesson is to always stay faithful to your country. Throughout the war many soldiers were taken as hostages and became missing during the war. These Prisoners of War and Missing in Action victims possibly faced the most brutal treatment that a human could endure. Based off of personal testimonies they said that they faced â€Å"days and nights with no sleep, kneeling on concrete twenty-four hour a day, electric shock treatment about three hours per session, getting beaten with a fan belt about fifty times†. This treatment was unfair and unjust to these American soldiers but they endured the physical pain that came with service to their country. Along with the physical pain they also faced â€Å"physiological torture â€Å"which† was even worse†. Claims said that â€Å"they would come down and interrupt your daily interrogation and say that you may be released but never truly release you.† Those mind games deteriorated the mental stability of these soldiers. They questioned the plans of the Americans and tried to find answers about the future movements of Americans. The Vietcong played mental games with these men and they had to remain mentally strong to stay committed to their country. They had to endure these inhumane treatments and could not release any information that could endanger their country. In the end they were still faithful soldiers who still believed in the strength of their country. If they hadShow MoreRelatedCommunism Of The Vietnam War And The Cold War1181 Words   |  5 PagesCommunism is an ideology that has a very long history more than one-third of the globe. This ideology is followed by Russia, Cuba, Laos, China, North Korea , and Vietnam. This ideology is the source of many revolutions and conflicts throughout the history likes the English Civil War, the Bolshevik Revolution, the Vietnam War, the Korea War and the Cold War. However, what makes Communism different from other ideologies is its origin, its policy, and its effects on the poor and the working class. CommunismRead MorePreventing the Spread of Communism in the Vietnam War941 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War was a protracted conflict between the Unites States and the communist forces in Vietnam. The US with the aid of the South Vietnamese Government wanted to prevent the spread of communism. In opposition, the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in the South known as the Vietcong wanted to unify Vietnam under one communist government. The war lasted from 1945 to 1975 and was not one that the US was destined to win. Despite its huge wealth and power the US was unableRead MoreFear of Communism Caused the Vietnam War Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam war has been referred to by many names, one of the longer ones was the cornerstone of the free world southeast Asia. It was called that by John F. Kennedy. He was talking about Vietnam being and essential country in a non-communist world. He believed that if Vietnam became a communist country, all of the surrounding countries would also become communists. This is the main reason America was involved in the Vietnam war. Another reason was that America wanted to spread their â€Å"politicalRead More The Soviet Union, Communism, and the Vietnam War Essay3150 Words   |  13 PagesSaigon, Vietnam continues to exercise a powerful hold of the American psyche. No deployment of American troops abroad is considered without the infusion of the Vietnam question. No formulation of strategic policy can be completed without weighing the possibility of Vietnanization. Even the politics of a person cannot be discussed without taking into account his opinion on the Vietnam Ware. This national obsession with Vietnam is perfectly national when viewed from a far. It was the only war that theRead MoreThe Conflict Of Vietnam War And The Fight Against Widespread Communism Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pages The conflict concerning Vietnam can be dated back to the Cold War and the fight against widespread c ommunism. The fear of a domino theory in Southeast Asia lies at the heart of U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Starting with president Truman and ending with Nixon, the Vietnam conflict continued to become progressively worse with time. Unlike previous wars, the Vietnam War tarnished America’s image as it was the first time in history the U.S. came out defeated while being far more advanced. However whetherRead MoreThe Vietnam War: How America Lost the War Against Communism Essay1094 Words   |  5 PagesThe Vietnam War was a conflict, which the United States involved itself in unnecessarily and ultimately lost. The basis of the conflict was simple enough: Communism vs. Capitalism, yet the conduct of the Vietnam War was complex and strategic, and brought repercussions which had never been seen before. The struggle between North and South had an almost inevitable outcome, yet the Americans entered the War optimistic that they could aid the falling South and sustain democracy. The American intentionsRead MoreContainment: Vietnam War and Communism Essay examples947 Words   |  4 PagesAll Odds of Communism After the defeat of the Axis powers in World War II it was apparent that the victors would come out as the new world powers. With the United States and the Soviet Union being the strongest nations of the victorious Allies they were the two countries who emerged as the new world powers but their views varied drastically. The Democratic United States and the Communist Soviets butted heads about each others views and the U.S. wanted to halt the spread of communism so it couldn’tRead MoreThe Battle Of Dien Bien Phu1256 Words   |  6 PagesBien Phu To Vietnam War â€Å"It will be a war between an elephant and a tiger. If the tiger stand still, the elephant will crush him. But the tiger will never stand still. It will leap upon the elephant’s back, ripping out huge chunks of flesh and then will disappear back again into the dark jungle and slowly the elephant will blead to death† (PeriscopeFilm, 1962). After World War II, the world experiences one of the longest wars that have ever occurred in the twentieth century, Vietnam War which lastedRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War983 Words   |  4 Pages â€Æ' The Vietnam War, a war involving the invigorating power of the superpower America and its democracy and freedom versus the almighty Russia and its tight fist of communism. This infamous war would go on to be one of the most controversial wars to date, but people rarely tend to have the knowledge behind everything that took place in the Vietnam war. You see The United States involvement in the Vietnam War did not do what do anything in the way of stopping communism. Because of this war, many menRead MoreThe United States Involvement During The Vietnam War1514 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States involvement in the Vietnam War developed into one of the most brutal, yet necessary wars of The Cold War. Although the war was viewed poorly by most, it helped a weak, crumbling South Vietnam stand up to a strong powerful North Vietnam that was forcing communism on them. President Johnson even stated that â€Å"Our objective is the independence of South Vietnam and its freedom from attack. † The United States wanted to stop an oppressive government and to make sure the world is a safer

Academic And Clinical Aspects Of The Curriculum - 846 Words

Students are expected to function effectively in a clinical setting by applying theoretical knowledge to practice (Stuart, 2013). Although, one of the biggest challenges for healthcare practitioners today is linking the academic and clinical aspects of the curriculum (Plack et,al 2008; Stuart, 2013). Kolb (2013) argued that the dynamic encounters and unique patients experience faced by students in the clinical setting usually do not follow the well-defined theoretical perspective being outlined in classroom. Reflective practice has been advocated as a means of articulating and developing knowledge gained in practice and also as a way of overcoming the difference between nursing theory and practice (Johns, 2009; Stuart, 2013). Reflection helps the student to observe, understand, learn and make sense of their daily experiences and also play a major role in student learning process (John, 2009). Schon (1992) stated that to succeed, the knowledge and skills from previous course work and clinical experiences must be built on by the student. Furthermore Plack et,al. (2008), affirm that to facilitate the process of reflection, the mentor is often required to identify, discuss and link specific learning instances to theories to enable students learn from their experiences. However Vinales (2015) argues that reflection is not spontaneous as it requires an active contribution on the part of the student. Therefore, constant reflection and discussion between the student nurses and theirShow MoreRelatedImproving Test Scores Nationwide, Should Schools1203 Words   |  5 Pagesthe individual, and students are expected to be completely dedicated to strive in their academic achievement. However, the one aspect of college that struck me as most contrasting from high school is the fact that students must follow the syllabus independently in order to excel in the class. The syllabus is what guides a student to study the right material and be prepared for class. It has the entire curriculum laid out in open terms, leaving it up to the student to do what is necessary. There isRead MoreA Study On The Nursing Program757 Words   |  4 PagesThe nursing program will have planned clinical practice experiences integrate throughout the curriculum. The planned practice experiences for the Post University RN to BSN program, provide opportunities for students to provide care, influence health, and integrate new knowledge and skills into nursing practice. Practice experiences are closely aligned to learning outcomes at the course and program level. In addition, these practice experience address many of the AACN Baccalaureate Essentials. Read MoreEvidence Based Medicine (EBM) Essay771 Words   |  4 Pagespractice of medicine and healthcare around the world. This expanding body of knowledge and expertise has been melded into medicine becoming the gold standard of care, in addition to possibly the only manageable way to extract precise and up to date clinical information. The evolution of EBM has been thoroughly evolving since its inception into the lexicon of mindset of medicine. It is believed that Evidence based medicine is relatively new to the practice of medicine, the initial exposure is dated onlyRead MoreProject Scope Of A Graduate Curriculum1745 Words   |  7 PagesProblem Statement Recommendations by the WHO, 2011 and AACN, 2012 have supported implementation of a graduate curriculum that will educate trainees on quality improvement initiatives that include topics on near misses, factors surrounding errors and error management in the clinical setting. In the College of Nursing, nurse anesthesia department, there is no designated educational module addressing this recommendation. The concern with not educating trainees before graduation is that incident andRead MoreChamberlain College Of A Nursing School Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pagesnursing school based on the practices of the Deaconess tradition in Europe. The famous Florence Nightingale, who is considered to be the founder of modern nursing, studied at a Deaconess school. The Chamberlain College of Nursing’s goal is to create an academic culture that helps both students and teachers thrive and grow. The faculty’s mission is to educate nurses through empowerment and broaden the availability of diverse health care professionals. Chamberlain College of Nursing uses a nurse-patientRead MoreThe Importance of Clinical Placements for Students1532 Words   |  6 PagesClinical Practices Clinical placements for students are a very important part of their academic life. A clinical placement refers to spending time in a professional practice environment undertaken in a workplace setting by students so that they can acquire the necessary skills, abilities and competencies required to become professional practitioners (Armitage, 2012). It is a highly valued part of a students academic progression as it enables them to learn about the practical aspects of practicingRead MoreThe Progress Of Doctor Of Nursing Practice ( Dnp ) Degree And Its Place Originated Over 10 Years Ago873 Words   |  4 Pagesconcentrations or educational leadership options provide experienced master s-prepared nurses with formal preparation in educational theory, testing, evaluation, curriculum development, and a capstone educational practicum. They contend that graduates of these education-focused DNP programs are prepared to develop, implement, and evaluate nursing curriculum, as well as be involv ed in the scholarship of teaching (Melnyk, 2013). Most recently, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) (2010), released the report FutureRead MoreThe Importance Of Financial Support For Curriculum Development1138 Words   |  5 PagesSupport for Curriculum Development Money is what makes the world go around, or so that is what we are taught. There are many factors of curriculum design that focus around the community, whether it is demographics or needs; these are taken into consideration when determining a new nursing program. Then there are financial obligations of the institution and program that influence the development and the maintenance of a curriculum. In this paper the discussion will be based on the financial aspect of nursingRead MoreAn Application Project I Found Myself Struggling At First1378 Words   |  6 Pagesare in the 7th grade. Programming consists of two core components, academics and treatment, that are best described separately. Academically the students have average to above average intellectual abilities, with identified disabilities consisting of emotional disabilities, multiple disabilities and Autism. In the area of Math the majority of students are instructionally at grade level, with two students being provides cu rriculum 1-2 grade levels below. Overall, math is strength of my studentsRead MoreMy Own Goals And Dreams874 Words   |  4 Pagesthings to reach their goals. My own main goal and dream in college is to be a successful clinical pharmacist and also specialize in pediatric. A clinical pharmacist is a pharmacist that is educated and trained to provide direct patient care in places like hospital, clinics and doctor offices. While pharmacist that specialize in pediatric provide direct patient care to children from neonates through adolescent. Clinical pharmacist might specialize in areas like internal medicine, neurology, critical care

How Accurate Is the Label Era of Good Feelings free essay sample

Prior to the war of 1 812, the United States was riddled with domestic political conflicts between the Federalist and Republican parties and diplomatic conflicts with Britain and France. The Federalist and Republicans opinions differed in every subject and diplomatic policies against Britain and France divided the nation. At one point, disunion was so apparent that during the Hartford Convention in 1814, New England almost seceded from the Union. After the war of 1812, from 1815 to 1825, some Historians claimed that the nation embraced an Era of Good Feelings due to the destruction of theFederalist Party (but not its ideas) and the numerous nationalistic improvements. However, a better name for the post war years of 1815 to 1825 is an Era Of Mixed Feelings because although there Were improvements stimulated by nationalism, there were also conflicts created by sectionalism. After the war of 1 812, the people of the United States felt enormous pride in winning a war against the almighty Britain and used their nationalism to inspire improvements. Beginning with James Monomers election in 1816, Monroe (Republican) won the election with an outstanding ratio of 1 83 electoral votes to his opponent Rufus Kings (Federalist) 34 votes. Then in 1820, Monroe had no formidable opponent and acquired every vote expect, thus marking the end of the Federalist party. The nation was more untied than the pre-war era due to the emergence of the National Republican Party which had a hybrid of both Federalist and Republican beliefs. During Monomers presidency, the Monroe Doctrine was created and Florida became U.S. Territory, both of which bolstered U. S. Supremacy in the Western Hemisphere. In 181 9, the U. S. Acquired Florida from Spain for $5 million, which basically secured U. S. Power in North America. Then in 1 823, the Monroe Doctrine constituted U. S. Supremacy in the Western Hemisphere by stating that European powers have no right to interfere in Western affairs, and are not allowed to have further colonization within the Americas. The doctrine was especially important because it helped to proclaim U. S. Independence since Monroe chose to not align U.S. With Britain and took a firm position against the potent European powers. (Doc. H) Both of these events created positive vibes in the country as the U. S. Became more and ore of a superpower. At a cultural level, people rejoiced with nationalism and celebrated national holidays such as Independence Day With vanity. (Doc. C) Francis Scott Keys Star Spangled Banner gained ubiquitous popularity and became the national anthem and many great works of literature such as Washing Wings short stories illustrated American culture and values.In addition, the nations economy prospered due to Henry Clays American System, which promoted protective tariffs to protect and create industry and internal improvements such as roads, turnpikes, and canals to enhance internal commerce and unity. The internal improvements were especially important because as Calhoun puts it, the extent of the republic exposes us to the greatest of calamities-?disunion, thus by binding the republic together with a perfect system of roads and canals, the U. S. Can economically grow in unity. (Doc. ) By examining the prevalent post-war accomplishments and improvements, it is evident that from the period of 1815 to 1825, the U. S. Enjoyed a period of nationalism and prosperity. On the contrary, although the years 1815 to 1825 had numerous improvements due to nationalism, sectionalism and the 2nd B. U. S. Dilemma caused many conflicts for the Lignite States. First off, despite the fact that President Monroe won the elections of 1816 and 1820 with little to no opposition, by 1824, there were four candidates from the north, south and west; Andrew Jackson from Tennessee, John Q.Adams from Massachusetts, Henry Clay from Kentucky, and William Crawford from Georgia were representing different sections of the United States with unalike interests. (Doc. L) One of the main differences in interests was the issue of slavery, which Thomas Jefferson had predicted that one day it would be the [death] knell of the E) The Norths economy had little to no use for slavery while the Souths economy depended on the slavery; especially after Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which allowed the production of cotton thus increasing demand for slaves.The Missouri Comprise of 1820 was a chief example of how slavery separated the people. The Missouri Comprise allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state in order to fashion a balance of power and created a 36-30 latitude line border hat unofficially established the North as anti-slavery states and the South as pro-slavery states. Undoubtedly, the compromise damaged the nationalistic feelings of the nation and created sectionalism since the North and the South refused to give up political power that would put their regions interests at stake.Economically, the nations wealth did increase but the issue Of protective tariffs brought disunion because the North supported it while the South opposed it. Many people of the South shared John Randolph view that it was unjust, to aggravate the burdens of the people for the purpose of favoring the manufactures. (Doc. A) Furthermore, the Panic of 1 819, which was chiefly the fault of the 2nd Bank of the United States, hindered the nations growth. Initially, the 2nd B. LLC. S. As run by William Jones who issued more banknotes than there were species and allowed employees to steal from the bank. When Jones was replaced by Speeches, Speeches stopped issuing bank notes so he could stop the distressing inflation. This course of action damaged businesses and farms throughout the county thus people could not pay their loans. As a result banks foreclosed peoples properties but even then, banks could not sell the mortgages. This dominoes effect destroyed the nations economy and stymied the national pride. Due to the sectionalism conflicts of slavery and economic issues, it is palpable that the years 1815 to 1 825 was not completely an Era of Good Feelings but bad feelings as well. Shortly after the war of 1 812, the United States experienced many improvements culturally, economically, politically, and diplomatically. The nation celebrated its culture and virtues, adopted Henry Clays American System, was united politically until the years prior to the election of 1 824, and dad auspicious declarations with European powers.

Security Challenges on WPAN Technologies-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Compare and contrast three data encryption standards for WiMAX networks? 2.Research the security challenges for any two examples of WPAN technologies. 3.Please give your critical reflection on the topic of Energy Harvest. Answers: 1. Comparison of three data encryption standards for WiMAX network The implementation of security protocol is important for encrypting the network and secure it from external access. There are different cryptographic model which can be applied for the encryption of the wireless access points. The data encryption standards used in WiMAX for increasing the security can be applied in different layer of the network for reducing the risk of different types of network attacks. The data encryption standard DES was designed based on the Lucifer (developed by IBM) and since it is an old encryption technique many attackers have exploited the weakness of the DES and thus it has become an insecure cipher and it has been developed as triple DES for increasing the security (Daemen Rijmen, 2013). There are different data encryption techniques available other than the DES such as AES and Blowfish and they are compared with each other to find the best encryption standards that can be applied in the WiMAX network. Two types of keys such as the symmetric and asymmetric keys can be used for the encryption of the plaintext to cipher text. In the symmetric key method the a single key is created during the encrypting and the decrypting of the plain text and it can be text, number and the key can be used by anyone for decrypting the cipher text to plain text. Using the symmetric key the encryption can be done quickly and it does not extra user involvement (Bhanot Hans, 2015). The asymmetric encryption is used for generation of two keys, where one key act as a public key and the other is used as a private key. The private key is not available to the third party and is kept with the receiver for decryption. The public key is used for the decryption and the digital certificate is used for identification of the identity but it is much slower that the asymmetric key encryption and is also not flexible for transferring the encrypted message to another person. The data encryption standard (DES) works with an encryption text of 64 bits using a 56 bits and the algorithm is applied in three phases, firstly the plain text is constructed for permutation of the bits and text x are based on the initial permutation that can be applied to x0 = initial permutation of x = L0 R0, where L0 is considered as the 1st 32 bits and R0 is considered as last 32 bits. In the second phase 16 iteration is used for a specific function and it is required to be included with substitution and permutation. It can be written as, L?= R? ? R? = L? ? XOR f (R? ? , K? ) Here, K act as the key feature and f act as the function. In the final stage the permutation is inversed IP? to 16 bit string L and R for obtaining the cipher text and the formula y = IP -1 ( R 16 L 16 ) is used for obtaining it. For the decryption of the cipher text the same algorithm is used but it is applied in reverse. In the triple DES the cipher text is created by running the DES algorithm for multiple times and three different keys are created first key is generated from the plain text, the second key is generated from the first key and the third key is generated from the second key (Miroshnik Kovalenko, 2013). For the encryption of the key the following formula is used C = EK3 (EK2 (EK1 (P))) and followed by the decryption formula P = DK3 (DK2 (DK1(C))). The 3DES is more secured than the DES and can be implemented easily for securing the WiMAX. In case of the AES standards the key size can be of 128, 192 and 256 in length and it is a replacement of the 3DES. Cipher blocks are used and the choosing of the block is dependent on the user or the requirement. Rijndael algorithm is used in AES and it is a combination of strong algorithm and thus the key generated is also strong. The twofish algorithm can also be used in AES for generation of the key but it can use block size of 128 and 256 bits. When the DES is compared with the AES algorithm it is found that the algorithm is created for overcoming the drawbacks faced in the DES. In 3DES the encryption is required to be switched after transferring 32 GB data for reducing the risk of data leak (Rawal, 2016). While the implementation of the AES in WiMAX would add extra security because it deciphering the data is difficult from the identical blocks. The 3DES process is a lengthy process because the same encryption is required to be repeated for multiple times but in case of AES the encryption requires shorter time. In case of the security of the WiMAX network the implementation of the AES would be best when compared with DES ad 3 DES. A comparison table is created for the comparison the popular encrypting algorithm such as: Algorithm Developed by Size of Key Size of Block Structure of Algorithm Rounds Cracked Existing Cracks Suitability for WiMAX Suitability for 802.1 DES IBM 1975 56 bits 64 bits Feistel Network 16 Yes Brute force, linear and differential crypanalysis Yes Yes 3DES IBM 1978 112 bits and 168 bits 64 bits Fiestal Network 48 No Theoretically possible Yes Yes Rijndael Joan Daemen Vincent Rijmen 1998 128 bits, 192 bits and 256 bits 128 bits Substitution permutation Network 10, 12 and 14 No Attacks from side channels Yes Yes 2. Security Challenges on WPAN technologies The wireless personal area networking technologies can be referred to as the use of the RFID application, wireless sensors technology implemented in the wireless network for sending and receiving the data packets. For the implementation of the wireless personal area network using the WiMAX the security of the network is required to be analyzed and the authentication, authorization, privacy and the security of the network is also considered. The ad hoc nature and the connectivity of the network is required to be considered for the development of a secure wireless network. The user is required to be identified for finding the functionality of the wireless personal area network. The gatekeeper functionality is required to be considered and different scenario is also required to be considered for fulfilling the AAA requirement in the network (Mahmood, Javaid Razzaq, 2015). The global IP development and the possibility in the connectivity of the wireless network is required to be recogni zed for the implementation of the ad hoc routing and resolve the key issues in the network. The proposed conventions ought to be adjusted to particular application situations in WPAN fundamentally for the mobile and the geographical point of view. The WPANs work inside a short range and (mostly) under the states of low portability. The mobile devices can be carried by the person under the range of the wireless network and involved in the collaborative computing with the other devices connected in the network. The system capacities must keep running on conveyed stage, as hubs may abruptly vanish or appear in the system bringing about changing system topologies. All things considered the network should stay undisrupted (Movassaghi et al., 2014). The portable hub ought to have the capacity to get to a settled system, (for example, Internet) or administrations, even though a few remote hops towards the system for reaching the access point. Giving Internet availability, some portable In ternet strategies could be acknowledged (Kinnunen et al., 2016). The directing strategies keep up the network among the hubs/administrations, in spite of the versatility of the hubs. The interworking is also dependent on the routing and between the fixed and the ad hoc networks. 3. Critical Reflection on Energy Harvest The wireless sensor networks are developed with the application of the internet of things and lot of attention is required to be given on the sensitive areas of the network. The main issue with the wireless sensor network is the limited energy and it can cause a bottleneck situation in the network (Shaikh Zeadally, 2016). This energy harvesting is required to be applied in the network for removing the bottleneck situation and increase the efficiency and performance of the network. Different high performance energy harvesting system developed for the wireless sensor networks are analyzed for identification of the sources of energy harvesting that can be applied in the current network for increasing the performance of the network. There are different energy prediction models that are used for the maximizing the energy harvest and the challenges of the energy harvesting is also required to be analyzed for the preparation of the mitigation plan. An effective and cost efficient solution is required to be developed for the preparation of the wireless sensor network. Different sources of energy are analyzed in the paper such as wind, mechanical vibration, magnetic fields, wind, etc. There is a requirement to use the energy continuously and store it for future use and thus the energy harvesting system is required to be deployed. The Energy Harvesting Wireless sensor network challenges and opportunities are discussed in the paper and it is found that a proper planning is required to be made for designing the architecture (Shaikh Zeadally, 2016). The architecture of the energy harvesting wireless sensor network consists of the energy harvesters that are used for converting the external energy into electricity, a management module to control the power, energy storage, radio receiver, sensor equipment, A/D convertor for digitizing the analog signal that are generated by the signal and makes the signal available for the microcontroller and a memory for storing the sensor information, code and the data related with the application. The hardware model of the wireless sensor network required for the application of energy harvesting. The energy that is gathered from the harvesting is directly used by the node and it can also be used for future use (Shaikh Zeadally, 2016). The author stated that the main cause of the energy harvesting is for handling the situation when consumption of energy is more than the supply the energy stored in the buffer can be used. The buffers can be super capacitors or rechargeable batteries installed in the network for storing the power. The batteries and the super capacitors acts as a renewable and sustainable source of energy and the electrostatic and different techniques can be used for energy harvesting such as the mechanical energy harvesting, photovoltaic energy harvesting, thermal energy harvesting, wireless energy harvesting wind energy harvesting, biochemical energy harvesting and acoustic energy harvesting (Shaikh Zeadally, 2016). The mechanical energy harvesting technique is used for the conversation of the mechanical energy into electrical energy and the energy is converted by displacing and oscillation of spring mounted mass component inside the harvester for converting it into electrical energy. The piezoelectric energy harvesting, electrostatic energy harvesting, electromagnetic energy harvesting and electromagnetic energy harvesting technique is used in the mechanical energy harvesting. The paper is based on the energy harvesting wireless communication and it contributes to the wide area of wireless harvesting communication and methodology used for development of a wireless sensor network. The WSN is researched and multiple wireless network are analyzed for the development of the paper and energy harvesting nodes in the network are also analyzed for analyzing the performance limits of the nodes connected in the network. The performance limits, scheduling policies and the resources allocated for the development of the network are compared with the stack design for finding the finding the energy consumption and conservation in the network. The medium used for the accessing the network components and internetworking issues are also highlighted in the paper (Ulukus et al., 2015). Different techniques has been demonstrated regarding the use of the sustainable energy for energy harvesting in the wireless network and the details of the cooperation of the information transf er and simultaneous energy is also discussed in the report. The potential model that can be deployed for energy harvesting and discussed according the scale of the network and the details of the coverage of the energy and the consumption of energy by the nodes are also analyzed and documented in the paper. There are different techniques available that can be applied for slow down the battery depletion and reduce the power consumption in the network. The power control technique can be applied on the duty-cycle based operation for controlling the power whereas switching off the components when they are not in use can be used in low power modes in the wireless transceiver for saving energy and increasing the efficiency of the network. The nodes can be kept in low power mode for reducing the energy consumption whereas sending the node in the sleep mode can create a risk of loss of data packets because the data packets are not received or sent when the node is in sleep mode (Ulukus et al ., 2015). The duty cycle is used for expressing the ratio between the times when the node is powered on by the node is on sleep mode. Network protocols are required to be applied that could operate on low duty cycle and it can increase the efficiency of the wireless sensor network. There are two drawbacks of management of power in the nodes that is the latency in the data is dependent on the energy efficiency and there are many emerging applications that can be requires power for lifetimes and the battery operated management system cannot be used. The leakage of the battery can also affect the network and different approach can be used for energy harvesting and the use of rechargeable batteries and super capacitors for storing the power. The energy harvesting system are composed of individual nodes and energy can be extracted from multiple sources are used for extraction of the energy and converting it into usable electric power (Ulukus et al., 2015). The author analyzed the architecture of the wireless sensor network and the capability of energy harvesting for the preparation of the paper. Different energy harvesting models are discussed and the different components used for energy harvesting is required to be analyzed for the implementation. The storage of th e energy that are used for future use and the microcontroller used for processing the sensors and analyzing the memory for evaluation of the code and the application related data are used in energy harvesting. The different harvesting models are discussed and inclusion of multiple harvester and the conversion of the energy is also discussed in the paper. The leakage current in the energy harvesting system is discussed because it can affect the efficiency and performance of the wireless sensor network. A large amount of energy can be loosed due to the leakage and there are different factors that can affect the leakage such as operating temperature of the capacitor, the amount of energy stored, duration of the charge, etc (Ulukus et al., 2015). The combination of the rechargeable battery and the super capacitor can help in reducing the leakage scenario and increase the efficiency of the network. There are different battery models such as physical model, empirical model and abstract mo del available and it can be used for resolving the complexity of the model and it requires low computational resources and effort of communication References Ulukus, S., Yener, A., Erkip, E., Simeone, O., Zorzi, M., Grover, P., Huang, K. (2015). Energy harvesting wireless communications: A review of recent advances. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 33(3), 360-381. Shaikh, F. K., Zeadally, S. (2016). Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 1041-1054. Ahmed, I., Butt, M. M., Psomas, C., Mohamed, A., Krikidis, I., Guizani, M. (2015). Survey on energy harvesting wireless communications: Challenges and opportunities for radio resource allocation. Computer Networks, 88, 234-248. Akhtar, F., Rehmani, M. H. (2015). Energy replenishment using renewable and traditional energy resources for sustainable wireless sensor networks: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45, 769-784. Amarasuriya, G., Liu, S., Poor, H. V. (2016, July). Wireless energy harvesting massive MIMO relays. In Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM), 2016 IEEE (pp. 1-5). IEEE. Atallah, R., Khabbaz, M., Assi, C. (2016). Energy harvesting in vehicular networks: a contemporary survey. IEEE Wireless Communications, 23(2), 70-77. Basagni, S., Naderi, M. Y., Petrioli, C., Spenza, D. (2013). Wireless sensor networks with energy harvesting. Mobile Ad Hoc Networking: The Cutting Edge Directions, 701-736. Bhanot, R., Hans, R. (2015). A review and comparative analysis of various encryption algorithms. International Journal of Security and Its Applications, 9(4), 289-306. Bhatti, N. A., Alizai, M. H., Syed, A. A., Mottola, L. (2016). Energy harvesting and wireless transfer in sensor network applications: Concepts and experiences. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN), 12(3), 24. Bokhiria, J., Parvej, M. A., Erol-Kantarci, M. (2016, March). Project-based approach in teaching energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks. In Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC), 2016 IEEE (pp. 22-25). IEEE. Daemen, J., Rijmen, V. (2013). The design of Rijndael: AES-the advanced encryption standard. Springer Science Business Media. Ding, Z., Krikidis, I., Sharif, B., Poor, H. V. (2014, June). Impact of channel state information on wireless energy harvesting cooperative networks with spatially random relays. In Communications (ICC), 2014 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 4072-4076). IEEE. Ding, Z., Perlaza, S. M., Esnaola, I., Poor, H. V. (2014). Power allocation strategies in energy harvesting wireless cooperative networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 13(2), 846-860. Guruacharya, S., Hossain, E. (2017). Self-Sustainability of Energy Harvesting Systems: Concept, Analysis, and Design. arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.01648. Hakiri, A., Gokhale, A., Berthou, P., Schmidt, D. C., Gayraud, T. (2014). Software-defined networking: Challenges and research opportunities for future internet. Computer Networks, 75, 453-471. He, S., Chen, J., Jiang, F., Yau, D. K., Xing, G., Sun, Y. (2013). Energy provisioning in wireless rechargeable sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 12(10), 1931-1942. Kamalinejad, P., Mahapatra, C., Sheng, Z., Mirabbasi, S., Leung, V. C., Guan, Y. L. (2015). Wireless energy harvesting for the internet of things. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(6), 102-108. Kang, J., Yu, R., Maharjan, S., Zhang, Y., Huang, X., Xie, S., ... Gjessing, S. (2015). Toward secure energy harvesting cooperative networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(8), 114-121. Kim, S., Vyas, R., Bito, J., Niotaki, K., Collado, A., Georgiadis, A., Tentzeris, M. M. (2014). Ambient RF energy-harvesting technologies for self-sustainable standalone wireless sensor platforms. Proceedings of the IEEE, 102(11), 1649-1666. Kinnunen, S. K., Yl-Kujala, A., Marttonen-Arola, S., Krri, T., Baglee, D. (2016, January). Internet of Things Technologies to Rationalize the Data Acquisition in Industrial Asset Management. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Data Mining (DMIN) (p. 73). The Steering Committee of The World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Applied Computing (WorldComp). Liu, Y., Mousavifar, S. A., Deng, Y., Leung, C., Elkashlan, M. (2016). Wireless energy harvesting in a cognitive relay network. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 15(4), 2498-2508. Lu, X., Wang, P., Niyato, D., Han, Z. (2015). Resource allocation in wireless networks with RF energy harvesting and transfer. IEEE Network, 29(6), 68-75. Mahmood, A., Javaid, N., Razzaq, S. (2015). A review of wireless communications for smart grid. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 41, 248-260. Miroshnik, M. A., Kovalenko, M. A. (2013). Uses of programmable logic integrated circuits for implementations of data encryption standard and its experimental linear cryptanalysis. Ii-i i i, (6), 36-44. Mishra, D., De, S., Jana, S., Basagni, S., Chowdhury, K., Heinzelman, W. (2015). Smart RF energy harvesting communications: Challenges and opportunities. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(4), 70-78. Movassaghi, S., Abolhasan, M., Lipman, J., Smith, D., Jamalipour, A. (2014). Wireless body area networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 16(3), 1658-1686. Naderi, M. Y., Nintanavongsa, P., Chowdhury, K. R. (2014). RF-MAC: A medium access control protocol for re-chargeable sensor networks powered by wireless energy harvesting. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 13(7), 3926-3937. Pierobon, M., Jornet, J. M., Akkari, N., Almasri, S., Akyildiz, I. F. (2014). A routing framework for energy harvesting wireless nanosensor networks in the Terahertz Band. Wireless networks, 20(5), 1169-1183. Rawal, S. (2016). Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Its Working. Rawat, P., Singh, K. D., Chaouchi, H., Bonnin, J. M. (2014). Wireless sensor networks: a survey on recent developments and potential synergies. The Journal of supercomputing, 68(1), 1-48. Shaikh, F. K., Zeadally, S. (2016). Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 1041-1054. Ulukus, S., Yener, A., Erkip, E., Simeone, O., Zorzi, M., Grover, P., Huang, K. (2015). Energy harvesting wireless communications: A review of recent advances. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 33(3), 360-381.

The Major Causes of the Cold War Between the Soviet Union and the United States

The cold war was a war between two superpower nations, the Soviet Union which believed in communism and the United States which advocated for free governance hence supporting a democratic government. The cold war can be said to have been caused by the difference in ideologies that existed between the two nations and the hunger to control and dominate the world as the superpower.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Major Causes of the Cold War Between the Soviet Union and the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The cold war did not use military or army weapons; it used other measures to curb the power and the influence of the other nation. Economic restrictions and spread of propaganda against each other were used as the war weapons, as each nation tried all available means to destroy and weaken the ability of the other nation in expanding and gaining popularity. The beginning of the cold war can be tra ced way back even before the beginning of the second world war that is after the Bolshevik Revolution and formation of Russian union in 1917. According to Leffler in his book â€Å"The Specter of Communism†(1994) the cold war was a political and economical war between the United States and the Soviet Union, which started few years after the end of the First World War, as they struggled to gain popularity and control over the world. The two nations had differences in terms of governing, whereby the United States dominated by the capitalism and the Soviet Union dominated by the communism. Each state believed that its governing policy was more superior and should be adopted by all nations, thus they tried to influence other countries to form allies against the other superpower nation in order to reduce their power. The major threats of cold war started with the raise of the Russian revolution under the readership of Bolshevik regime which was determined to spread the communism a ll over the world, by influencing and cooperating with various countries in order to outfit the Americans. The United States and the Soviet Union did not involve themselves in any war, but aided the ally’s nations in fighting their opponents. In 1918 to 1920 the United States and Britain joined together to fight Bolshevik regime, but they were unsuccessful. After this inversion, the relationship between the Americans and the Russian worsened, the soviet attitude regarding the Americans and the west became even worse. Upon the Bolshevik revolution, Russia was a semi-peripheral state and was still struggling to catch up with west which was viewed as most industrialized by then, thus the Russian spent most of its time and economic in strengthening its army. It also invested a lot in the manufacturing of the atomic booms and military ammunition in preparation to defend itself in case of war outbreak. Russia was suspecting that the United States were manufacturing the atomic bombs and they may use them in attacking them.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The landing of the American troops in Russia to assist the anti- Bolshevik in the Russian civil war increased the tension and suspicion within the communism leadership over the capitalism. After the involvement of Americans in the Russian civil war, the relationship between Russians and the Americans became a major point of suspicion and mistrust. 1n 1935 the Stalin adjusted his policies; he started forming alliances with the democratic powers in the western in order to fight the Nazi of Germany. His initiative failed and he decided to sign the Nazi-soviet pact with the leader of the Nazi the Hitler. The signing of the treaty only increased the anti-soviet tension and the hostility in the western nations. This treaty delayed the beginning of the war between the two superpower nations. In 1941, Germany invaded the Russians breaking the treaty signed between Germany and the Russian nations. After the attack, the Stalin withdrew his cooperation with the Germans and supported Britain under the rule of the Churchill. Churchill and Stalin signed a treaty to form a formal alliance to fight against Adolf Hitler. The United States did not join the treaty as it wanted to remain neutral and concentrated in military upgrading. After the American Pearl Harbor was attacked by the Hitler, the United States joined the union formed between Russian and Britain in aid to fight Germany. This alliance did not last long due to the disagreement that arose between Poland which was an alley of Britain and the Soviet Union concerning the support and cooperation of Stalin with Hitler after Hitler ordered the killing of Polish officers. Despite this suspicion, the western allies and the soviet continued to cooperate in order to defeat the growing strength of Adolf Hitler. During this war, both sides had a lot of disagr eements on various military strategies especially the opening of the second fight against Germany. The Soviet Union believed that Britain and the United States delayed the invasion intentionally in order to attack at the last minute so as they can influence the settlement of the peace with a view to dominate Europe. Stalin saw that the United States and Britain waited for him and his troops to get exhausted so that they can defeat him and take control. Soviet Union suffered a great loss as it recorded a high number of casualties. This increased tension and hostility among the allied powers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Major Causes of the Cold War Between the Soviet Union and the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In conclusion it can be said that cold war started in mid 19th century some years before the beginning of the world war two. The major causes can be attributed to the suspicion and h igh tension that existed between the Soviet Union and the United States over control of the world. The Americans viewed communist as enemies who needed to be monitored and controlled as they threatened to take control of the world. On the other hand, Russia under the Soviet Union viewed the United States as a major threat to their ambition of expansion, as they posed the main challenge to Russia. The war remained cold without the use of military as each nation did not want to be directly associated with the cause of the war. The two nations just supported other nations that were fighting. Americans supported the British army while Russia supported Germany army in the Nazi war until the time when the Nazi invaded Russia forcing the Soviet Union to collaborate with Britain and America in fighting the Nazi. The real effects of the cold war were fully seen and felt after the second ward war, where each nation viewed the other nation as an enemy, and they had to keep an eye on each other . Reference Leffler, M., P.(1994) The Specter of Communism. New York. Hill and Wang This essay on The Major Causes of the Cold War Between the Soviet Union and the United States was written and submitted by user Justin Lowery to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Caterpillar Essay Example

Caterpillar Essay Example Caterpillar Essay Caterpillar Essay Government. Lastly, it is important because improves the companys creditability and also its bottom- line. Caterpillar uses four goals within its structure- integrity, commitment, excellence, and teamwork. 3. What role do leaders play in shaping Caterpillars organizational culture? 4. Because Caterpillar prides itself in value creation, the leaders play a pivotal role in modeling; setting the perfect example and leading by example. Because the expectations are so high, Caterpillar has to make its values apart of everyday culture. I Away is it difficult to change a companys organizational culture, and how can management know when a permanent change has successfully occurred? 5. It Is difficult to change a companys organization culture because employees are often stagnant in their proactive role at work, team members have bought Into previous goals to success within the company, or because, as Its In human nature, people do not like change and will be defensive because they arent sure of the future plan. A management team will know that a change was successful by the costive aura of employees, good perception from outside sources, and the profit growth of the changed variable. 6. What do you think will be the most stressful career stage? Why? 7. I believe the most stressful career stage Is establishment. When I Initially entered the work force It was absolutely stressful and scary. I was terrified! Whether you have a college degree, a pertinent certification, some college credits, or Just a high school diploma, finding your Identity as a working person Is very difficult and poses a great pressure In deciding how to go about making vertical career decisions. 8. What types of stresses led you to make this choice? 9. The ultimate stresses, pressure, causes all kinds of rash emotional and physical decisions that set the tone for either that moment or creates the foundation that build success In ones life. Caterpillar By gingersnaps 1 . What story does management at Caterpillar recount as a way of communicating uses the story of the School Bus Project, Embark, to recount the way they I Away is it difficult to change a companys organizational culture, and how can 5. It is difficult to change a companys organization culture because employees are often stagnant in their proactive role at work, team members have bought into previous goals to success within the company, or because, as its in human nature, people do not like change and will be defensive because they arena sure of the most stressful career stage is establishment. When I initially entered the work force it finding your identity as a working person is very difficult and poses a great pressure in deciding how to go about making vertical career decisions. 8. What types of build success in ones life.

Continuing Academic Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Continuing Academic Success - Essay Example of objective formulation in education can be metaphorically represented by a destination which without, an individual may find the purpose of travelling thus would consider either going back home or wonder aimlessly. In this program, my goal is to get a†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. grade, which will be a significant improvement from the previous term’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. grade. Setting up an objective does not end by a merely stated idea. However, the essentiality of the set goal will only be marked when proper measures and schedules are structured to act as a guide for achieving the set goal. In this light, the measures that I consider essential in meeting up my goal of improving my grade are to spend more time in the library. Spending more time will not mean going to relax in the library; rather it will mean spending more time for personal studies as well as more research on the units I am undertaking. Initiating effective consultations is also important as it will allow me to engage more with the teachers at an individual level and get help in key academic areas that may prove a challenge in attaining the set target. Knowing and keeping to the identified style of learning would not only help me in my academic achievements, but will also be of significance to my future career pursuits. This will be in line with my ability to do personal work without supervision hence enhancing my productivity at the workplace. I consider the writing process very important in the advancement of my education as well as in my career advancement. The scope of applying effective writing is very wide, and is mainly associated with the need for effective communication. In my educational program, writing marks the main mechanisms through which my development is evaluated in relation to the progress that I make towards my career dreams. Effective communication through writing up my papers enables the teachers to determine how well I am growing and provides the foundation through which they can offer advice

Application of Jacques Lacan's theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Application of Jacques Lacan's theories - Essay Example This movement took place mostly in France and gathered such bright and original thinkers as Lacan, Foucault, Althusser, Poulantzas and others. This movement had more an ideological than an organisational nature because all of its participants had a particular individuality and independent way in science, so, they denied their affiliation to the Structuralism. Jacques-Marie Emile Lacan took up the study of medicine in 1920 and specialised in psychiatry from 1926. He undertook his own analysis around this time with Rudolph Loewenstein and this continued until 1938. Lacan was very active in the world of Parisian writers, artists and intellectuals of the time: he was a friend of Andr Breton, Salvador Dal and Pablo Picasso, and attended the mouvement Psych founded by Maryse Choisy. Several of his articles were published in the Surrealist journal Minotaure and he was present at the first public reading of James Joyce's Ulysses. In his studies he had a particular interest in the philosophic work of Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger and, alongside many other Parisian intellectuals of the time, he also attended the famous seminars on Hegel given by Alexandre Kojve. France had not proved the most favo... Lacan was very active in the world of Parisian writers, artists and intellectuals of the time: he was a friend of Andr Breton, Salvador Dal and Pablo Picasso, and attended the mouvement Psych founded by Maryse Choisy. Several of his articles were published in the Surrealist journal Minotaure and he was present at the first public reading of James Joyce's Ulysses. In his studies he had a particular interest in the philosophic work of Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger and, alongside many other Parisian intellectuals of the time, he also attended the famous seminars on Hegel given by Alexandre Kojve. France had not proved the most favourable testing-ground for Freud's theories. In 1907 Freud wrote to Jung of the difficulties the psychoanalytic movement had in making any headway there. He put this down to the national character, observing that 'it has always been hard to import things into France. The difficulty experienced by psychoanalysis was greatly increased by the fact that it was simultaneously perceived as Teutonic and Jewish, and was thus subject both to anti-German and to anti-semitic prejudice which were strong in French intellectual circles. It was in this atmosphere that Jacques Lacan developed his own theoretical system. Given the strength of the prevailing cultural chauvinism it is perhaps not surprising that Lacan should have begun by importing into psychoanalysis concepts which had been formulated in a completely different framework and whose originator neither intended nor imagined that they would eventually be married to the theories of Freud. Lacan presented his first analytic paper on the 'Mirror Phase' at the 1936 Congress of the International

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Analysis - Case Study Example Under the space shuttle program, NASA launched the Challenger and hired Thiokol to supply SRB (SRB). SRB was a fuel system consisting of a combination of both solid and liquid systems. It was cheaper, and NASA found it sustainable, in the long run. A. Economic: NASA operated in a hostile economic environment because it experienced a reduction in budgetary allocation since its inception. Over the years, the government cut its budgetary allocation to the organization. For instance, the government reduced its budgetary allocation by 5.1 billion thus forcing NASA to seek alternative funding. Additionally, NASA was experiencing high costs of producing its shuttles thus the need to adopt SRB. Fortunately, NASA got the financial support of the U.S. Air Force, and it sustained its operations up to 1986. B. Political: NASA was formed by the government and enjoyed the full support of the government during its early times. It had the goodwill of the government because the U.S. government was using it to dominate the field of space exploration. Thus, it was a government project and its operations were influenced by government policies. C. Technological: NASA was operating its rockets using an all-liquid fuel system and was incurring huge costs of operation. Later on, the organization modified its shuttle design to reflect low costs. Consequently, NASA adopted the SRB fuel system. Roger Boisjoly worked for Morton Thiokol as an engineer and was objected to the launch of the Challenger because of temperature issues. Morton Thiokol was one of the two organizations that were involved in the shuttle program along with NASA. Roger was against the launch of the Challenger because he believed that there were some unresolved issues about the O-rings technology. According to Roger Boisjoly, a past research study found out that the O-rings were rigid and could not seal at low temperatures. He found out that the O-rings has Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1 Analysis - Case Study Example The company has diversified and integrated product and service portfolio that include web search, Google Chrome, Google News, Google Scholar, Google Docs, Google Analytics, Google Apps, Google AdSense, Google Adword, You Tube, Google Maps, and Google Earth (Eldeman & Eisenmann, p 1). The factors that determine the paid listings provider’s revenues include the coverage rate, the average cost per click, the click-through-rate and revenue split (Eldeman & Eisenmann, p 4). Google has an extensive coverage rate and has improved the click-through rates through innovation of the keywords. The revenue split is the percentage of revenues paid to network affiliates and ordinary partners receive about 60 percent of revenue share (Eldeman & Eisenmann, p 3). Google now controls approximately 90 percent of the internet searches and has diversified its operations to other products such as mobile and cloud computing, music and video distribution (Eldeman & Eisenmann, p 8) The corporate strategy of Google is aimed at organizing world’s information in a manner that makes it more accessible and useful. The company is committed to informing, educating and entertaining the users through diversified products and services. The company is currently attaining growth through vertical integration with suppliers and diversification strategy that has led to addition to new different products to its mix (Daft, 2009). The business strategy of Google is aimed at ensuring consistent technological innovation and sustained acquisitions that will lead to revenue growth and satisfy emerging customer needs (Daft, 2009). The business strategy is geared at developing distinctive competencies and identifying new market niches such as the Google Checkout and Google TV (Google, 2014). Google has deployed several functional strategies such as innovation and use of superior search engine technology,

Lenovo Brand Strategy

Lenovo Brand Strategy Abstract Purpose This study aims to apply the reviewed literature of brand identity, brand strategy, and product positioning to analyze the lessons and improvements on how Lenovo, a No.1 PC manufacturer in China, implements brand integration as part of its global brand strategy to increase brand awareness and recognition. Approach This study introduces multiple methods to analyze the pros and cons of brand integration, and brand product positioning such as product segmentation and perceptual map as well as the companys revenue comparison. Findings Lenovos co-branding strategy in its first two phases of global brand strategy benefit its revenue growth dramatically but in limited level to its own brand awareness. And the global sales loss happened after Lenovo forgone co-branding with IBM brand on its ThinkPad/ ThinkCentre brand lines in its third phase of global branding strategy. Moreover, the unsatisfactory sales performance forced the company to trade-off the premium price of ThinkPad in attempt to cater to more consumers, gaining market share and revenue growth, but only result in the opposite situation due to the unclear repositioning of ThinkPad. Research limitations/implications The inaccessibility of the overall statistics on the sales of ThinkPad by Lenovo in overseas market over the past five years impacts the accuracy of the analysis result. Besides, the depth of the study is hindered due to the lack of Lenovos investment in branding and marketing promotions, as well as sales volume of its major competitors such as US, Europe, etc. Practical implications Leveraging a well-known ThinkPad brand can expedite Lenovos access to the cutting-edged technology and distribution channel setup, however, it will takes a long process to build and increase a strong brand of Lenovo globally. Apart from focus on quality and technology innovation, Lenovo should emphasize its value-added brand positioning, i.e. nurturing the brand in the dimensions of relationship, personality and culture. The separation of Lenovo and ThinkPad should be the best solution for the sake of maximizing each brand equity. Originality/Value This study is an attempt to discuss disconnection of distinctive brands like Lenovo and its sub-brands ideapad/ideacentre from ThinkPad / ThinkCentre to maximize each brand equity. Literature Review According to Arnold (1992), brand strategy is the process whereby the offer is positioned in the customers mind to produce a perception of advantage. And strategy implies the execution of the organizations vision, mission, and objectives. In another word, the essence of the brand needs to be reflected in everything the company does, especially those that impact the consumer. When making branding strategies, a company should first have an insight into their brand and brand equity. Brand equity is the differential effect that knowing the brand name has on customer response to the product or its marketing (Kotler, 2009). A successful brand has high brand equity and its image (B) can be thought of as the combination of three elements: a good product (P), a distinctive identity (D), and added values (AV), i.e. B=P*D*AV. Especially the brand preference depends on added values that give customers confidence that this product has qualities, status or associations not possessed by alternative choices (Doyle, 2008). It helps customers navigate the choice process by reducing risks and saving time of evaluation (Doyle, 2008). Brand management centres on creating perceived added value for the companys offer among customers, which can be achieved by shaping the brands identity. Brand Identity is everything the company wants is brand to be perceived by customer (Temporal, 2002). It has six dimensions, which is also called now as brand identity prism (Kapferer, 2007), namely , physical, reflection, relationship, personality, culture and relevance (Kapferer, 1997). The identity of strong brands reminds us that identity is not just a matter of functional attributes (Kapferer, 2007). With time, brand associations typically move up from tangible to intangible values -No brand should be without a strong intangible component became the top priority of 10 key principles of strategic brand management (Kapferer, 2007). Due to the increasing fierce competition and rapid imitation, the focus of keeping customers in marketing highlights the building lasting relationships on brand management, namely, classifying the different types of relationships consumers have with brands (Fournier, 1998), or the different types of interactions companies engage in with their clients (Rapp and Collins, 1994; Peppers and Rogers, 1993). Kapferer (2007) claims the establishment and recognition of brand identity is one of the key stages in the process of brand globalization. That is, the brand must have an identity that will serve as a medium for its globalisation, specifically for its brand positioning and brand strategy. Clearly, for existing brands, positioning derives from identity. But it exploits a specific, coherent and salient aspect of identity at a given point in time in a given market and against a precise set of competitors. At the level of global brands, the brand positioning emphasizing a unified identity should occupy a distinct place in the target markets mind (Kotler, 2000), ensure the distinctive position of the products of a company from its competitors offerings, maintain or increase market share by satisfying current or potential customers, and finally achieve higher revenue (Hassanien and Baum, 2002). Bingham and Raffield (1995) identified six positioning alternatives for firms: price, technology , product quality, distribution, image and service. Although repositioning is increasingly inevitable as the changing marketing environments that influence organisations (Trout and Rivkin, 1995; Kotler, 1997), any decisions companies need to make about repositioning will demand careful consideration of all of the brands attributes (Park et al., 2002). When brand managers decide brand strategy, the added-value lever on which a product is based should be taken into consideration as an important parameter in choosing different brand architectures. A single (corporate) brand umbrella or master brand strategy is often recommended when the added value in a particular market is linked to reputation and scale (Kapferer, 2007). However, the more segmented the market, with top-quality, personalised products, the more one has to favour either an endorsing brand strategy or a new portfolio of product brands. Besides, cost factors have to be considered. Doyle (2008) gave insightful explanation and said that the objective of adopting brand strategies is to increase long-run economic profits, which leads to an orientation to sharing brand names For companies in its initial phase of going global with limited resources, the simplified brand lines can reinforce each brands selling power and reduce marketing cost, provided that the company has complementary products. Another factor that can not be neglected in formulating brand strategy is the country background of a brand. COO (Country of Origin) refers to the impact that generalisations and perceptions about a country have on a persons evaluation of the countrys products and brands (Nebenzahl, Jaffe, and Lampert 1997; Lampert and Jaffe 1998; Dinnie 2004). COO helps or hampers the development of brand equity in the new market. Yet to some extent, acquired brands can produce a short-cut to overcome the negative effect of COO in brand globalization (Ying, 2008) and co-branding provides a buzz around the brand among opinion leaders to create an image (Kapferer, 2007) facilitating brand into global arena, but it is not a substitute or alternative for brand building in the long term. Co-branding can generate greater sales from the existing target market as well as open additional opportunities with new consumers and channels as it can increase cash flow through increased number of touch points betwee n brands (Srivastava et al., 1998). In addition, co-branding can reduce the cost of product introduction and help stage a brand into a new market by leveraging the existing brand with global awareness. This is reflected in the increasing number of cases of mergers and acquisition of such kind worldwide. Undeniably, it can boost the business of a company but does not necessarily mean the success of integrating brands (Swystun, 2001). It is difficult to change an established brand identity and a good fit between brands is essential to the successful marriage. For a company going global, a distinctive and consistent brand identity should be nurtured and matters most in distinguishing itself from other competitors despite of manufacturing the same high quality products. Clayton M. Christensen (2004) noted that most organizations can acquire resources, but it is the application of the process (how to solve problems) and values (past investments) that distinguish a company. And branding strategy is the process of such kind as one of the key factors which will ultimately determine a companys future success. About Lenovo and its internationalization and global brand strategy Founded in Beijing, China, Lenovo is No.1 PC manufacturer in China and the worlds fourth largest PC maker with its revenue in 2007-2008 reaching 16.4 billion US dollars and its market share in China stabilize at 29%-30%. In 2004, its acquisition of IBM PC business (Thinkpad brand) for 1.25 billion US dollars made the company the worlds No. 3 PC company after Dell and HP and signified the beginning of its steps into international market. Since then, Lenovo has established more than 200 branches in 66 countries (Lenovo official website: http://appserver.lenovo.com.cn/About/aboutus_overview.html, accessed Nov 23, 2009). Lenovos sports marketing, the Olympic marketing, and co-brand marketing strategy enhance the brand image and capture the market share. Its global branding strategy incorporates three phases. In the first phase focused on the continuity of the brand in overseas countries to strengthen the relationship between the Lenovo and Thinkpad; In the second phase to consolidate t he high-end business Thinkpad image. And in the third phase to accelerate Lenovo brand building (Gu, 2006). Methodology and descriptive analysis We can compare Lenovos branding strategy with its revenue over the past five years. Investment in the brand must come first to ensure revenue enhancement. (Jeff Swystun, 2001) From the comparison, the dramatic revenue growth in 2004-2006 seems to verify that the branding strategy of leveraging IBM brand and reinforcing ThinkPad benefit the corporate performance. Meanwhile, however, Lenovos global brand awareness got increased during the process? Since Lenovo had the right to use the IBM brand only for five years until 2010, the company decided to drop it two years ahead of schedule, such was its confidence in its own brand (http://www.economist.com, 2008). Despite of the right move, the result is the decrease in the corporate revenue: Lenovos sales volume was down by 5 percent in the third quarter 2008, sales revenue dropped by 20 percent, and market share declined from 7.5 percent to 7.3 percent (Ming, 2009), especially, the sales in America and Europe fell by 17% in the 3rd quarter compared with the same period last year due to the sluggish demand in those markets and notably, its domestic sale grew and accounted for 48% of its total sales(http://www.economist.com, 2009). Actually, the unsatisfactory result can be attributed in a sense to the abrupt brand shift from IBM ThinkPad to Lenovo ThinkPad. Whereas, the point is that it is not the inappropriate timing to forgo co-branding with IBM brand, but it is during the initial phase of implementing global branding strategies when Lenovo did not handle well the relations between leveraging IBM brand and, more importantly, enhancement of Lenovo brands identity and differentiated advantage in its new market outside Asia where the brand name was little known, especially in US and Europe, the focus of Lenovo business outside China. To gain an insight on the brands strategy, we can look at Lenovo brand architecture transition below for the major product lines and brand integration in the early 2008. After the brand integration, under the corporate umbrella brand of Lenovo, the streamlined product brands resulting in global marketing cost-effectiveness can be categorized into ideaPad and ideacentre sub-brands for consumers and ThinkPad sub-brand for consumers and commercial segment and ThinkCentre sub-brand for companies. Notably, there is a change in customer positioning for ThinkPad by serving companies only switching to companies primarily and consumers secondly served with individual models of ThinkPad products. This is to meet the increasing needs for consumer PC. Besides, ThinkPad is expanding its position from high-end only to both middle and high-end in light of Lenovos pricing system. And a question comes to arise: Is Lenovo ThinkPad is as good quality as IBM ThinkPad? Lenovos reaction to the sceptical v oices is the price cut of ThinkPad is to cater to those customers feeling pinch in the current situation. But the transition risk should be foreseen that the customers who know ThinkPad very well may not have that sense of advantage that the original brand identity confers, and eventually the transformation may harm the brand equity. Lets look at the brand positioning of Lenovo and its competitors. Over time, PCs has become ubiquitous and play a growing role in many important aspects of daily life. Consumers are therefore looking for more innovation (Quelch and Knoop, 2006) with appropriate pricing. Capping the product features of each company in terms of innovation and pricing, we can see that HP, Dell and Acer-the strong competitors of Lenovo in US and European market -are all positioned as economy brand whereas Lenovo as bargain brand positioned as overall high level of innovation and IBM as premium brand. Highly recognized by its customers, ThinkPad brand, with high innovation and high price of a differentiate advantage, best represent the culture of IBM brand. The branding strategy should first take into consideration the environment and customers (Doyle, 2008). Although Thinkpad brand has nothing to do with IBM after the acquisition, the customers perception of high level of innovation and pricing of Thinkp ad brand is deep-rooted, thus, it is not necessary and even harmful to its original image in its customers mind for any attempt to lower its pricing arrange. As for Lenovo brand, on one hand, competitive pricing is the core value that the company embraces to contest its key competitors internationally, and on the other hand, like many other Chinese company going global, it still take time for Lenovo to get away from Made in China image interpreted as manufacturing cheap products. Thus, the implementation of its bargaining pricing system in its another brand line ideapad and ideacentre can embody its differentiating advantages lower price but good quality and higher level of innovation and lower the entry barrier to the consumers in the new market(Doyle, 2008). Of course, this is what Lenovo is doing, promoting its idea brand line in US, Europe and other major overseas market (Lenovo official website: http://appserver.lenovo.com.cn/About/aboutus_overview.html, accessed Nov 23, 2009 ). It can be concluded that there is distinctively different brand identity between ThinkPad/ ThinkCentre and Lenovo and its sub-brands ideapad/ideacentre. Discussion on improvement In developing a global brand, Chinese companies could choose between a traditional and modern approach (Ewing, Napoli, and Pitt, 2001). And Lenovo has adopted the modern (although more risky) approach that accelerates internationalization via joint ventures and acquisition of foreign brands, enabling them to leapfrog to the advanced stage in the process. Product differentiation and brands management separation Lenovo should resume the high-end brand identity of ThinkPad targeting companies and high-end consumers to gain premium price and high margins. And this branding strategy can not waver surrendering to the current economic conditions. And for the medium and lower-end market, idea brand line can play its flexible role catering to different subdivision market. In addition, the ideapad/ideacentre identity should be enriched to increase its value-added specifically in its relationship and personality prospective to differentiate with other competitors brands. Apart from product pro motion, creating customers product experience should be the remedy to have them gain better knowledge of the new entry brands and enhance the recognition of Lenovo. Most important, ThinkPad/ThinkCentre brand should be separated from Lenovo and its sub-brands. The case of the separation of product brand Lexus and company brand Toyota means the success of the both brands even though few know Lexus brand is under Toyota.(Jean-Pierre and David, 2002) . Conclusion This study emphasizes on the analysis and discussion on the brand integration of Lenovo, idea brand line, and IBMs ThinkPad brand, which features an indispensible process of implementation of global brand strategy by Lenovo. The strategy of co-branding of Lenovo and IBM in ThinkPad products in the initial phase impelled the process of Lenovo brand into international arena. At the same time, however, Lenovo should have engaged in its own brand identity and equity, which will alleviate the loss arising from the disconnection of IBM and Lenovo. An effective positioning/repositioning brand strategy should highlight the consistent process of enhancing brand awareness. At this point, Lenovo took a either slower or inappropriate action which entail improvement and transformation. As for the established ThinkPad brand, the dimensions of its brand identity should be taken into full consideration otherwise any branding initiatives will damage its brand value through confusing or depriving the sense of status and pride from its customers. To avoid the collision of two distinctive brand identities ThinkPad and Lenovo with its sub-brands ideapad/ideacentre, disconnection is the best solution to maximize brand equity.

platos revenge Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One’s opinion, philosophy, or ideology, apparent or hidden can help, or hinder individual or collective development. This hindering action is apparent in Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, and the action of helping is apparent in Free at Last by Harriet Jacobs. Each of these authors has their own ideology, which they would like to share.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave we look into the lives of people whose ideology is chosen for them. These people are forced to sit and stare in one direction their whole life. One would wonder if it ever occurred to them to look to their left of their right. This has been their way of life since childbirth, they know nothing else. How, if you know of nothing else can you come up with your own ideology and make it work? How can you even think without consulting your way first? Maybe thinking is beyond what you are allowed to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Within the society in which they are living these people believe that what is right is right because they were never enlightened to anything else. The people never had the chance to look beyond, or to go away and then come back. Plato implies that if one does escape this so-called cave, the others who remain want to kill the escapee.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once a person has escaped, they see light for the first time. They feel tremendous pain. The reason that they are feeling this is because they have been sheltered for so long. They have not had the opportunity to think for themselves or to realize that there are other ways of life. All of the ideas, all of the new ideologies flow into that persons head. Their mind begins to turn a mile a minute and all of the change is too much to process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After this escapee had time to sort out these new ideas and form his or her own take on what the world has to offer they want to return to their home and share their takes on life and how things should be. The people of the ‘cave’ have only known one thing. They are never allowed to look to another place for inspiration or for information. They have to go with the flow and accept everything just as it is handed to them. They are forbidden to look elsewhere for answers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My ideology is that if you don’t like something, change it. The people in the cave are never ... ...on’t want to believe that the world is so unfair, I don’t want to believe that he wasn’t there to see me walk across the stage at graduation, that he couldn’t make faces at me while I smiled for my prom pictures. I really want to believe that it is all a huge nightmare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jacobs lets us all know that we have to get through this ‘dog eat dog world’ with our heads held high, and also by listening to the wisdom of our parents, grandparents, the wisdom of our families.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In each essay we learn of ways that could hinder or help their individual or collective development. In Allegory of the Cave we learn that the society that the ‘cavemen’ live in is hindering their development. They don’t allow their counterparts the chance to develop into anything other than what the society wants. However in Free at Last Jacobs lets us know her feelings she lets her children know her feelings and guides them in the right direction, but she also lets them figure out on their own. She lets them learn for themselves and collectively make their own ideology. She allows for them to think for themselves, therefore she helps them in their development.

An Analysis of Moral in Who Moved My Cheese

Who Moved My Cheese? By Spencer Johnson, M. D. A Review and Essay By David Cox, Instructional Technology Facilitator Tioga Junior High School and Tioga High School At a time when Rapides Parish schools are once again facing huge financial deficits with resultant changes at almost every level, teachers must deal with mostly unwanted changes. Being a twenty-six year classroom veteran, I have had to change as well in many ways. In my internal search for ways to deal with change, I have recently read a book which has given me some new ways to think about change. I hope that this review might lead you to this book and help you to see how changes, even when first seen as negative and hurtful, are not necessarily a bad thing. Dr. Spencer Johnson has written a book which gives me some real ways to think about and deal with change. This small book, Who Moved My Cheese, is a fast and easy read but one which can enlighten even a cynical person to some ways to adapt to the inevitable changes of life in its many shifting forms and challenges. Like Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, the story is told as a story within a story of several old friends at a high school reunion told by one of the friends. The story centers around four characters who live in a Maze and the changes with which they must wrangle. The characters are two mice, Sniff and Scurry, and two so-called Littlepeople (creatures the size of mice but who look and act like people today) named Hem and Haw. The plot is pretty simple. The four characters find a large cache of cheese and can live their lives without much variation: get up, go to the cheese, eat, go home, and start over the next day. This works out okay until one day the cheese is gone. Then the characters must deal with the new situation. The mice, taken aback at first, are first to take action since they are creatures of almost entirely instinct: they set out looking for more cheese. On the other hand, Hem and Haw, creatures of reason and emotion, go through a series of reactions from shock to anger to knee-jerking and then to divergence. Hem stays at the now empty cheese station, sulking, complaining, thinking negatively and making even himself more miserable while Haw overcomes his fears and sets out to find new cheese. Filled with metaphor as direct as John Bunyan’s book Pilgrim’s Progress, this book then shows Haw rethinking, adjusting, and moving on with his life. He sets out to find his â€Å"New Cheese,† overcoming his fears and his sense of having been cheated. Along his journey, Haw writes messages of his inner discoveries on the Maze wall, hoping Hem will follow and read the â€Å"writing on the wall† and be comforted by Haw’s inner revelations. His revelations are never dramatic but always true and appropriate for his situation—and ours by extension. The outcome of the book for Haw is doubtful due to Haw’s many fears and doubts about himself on his journey. But by the end, the reader sees Haw succeed in ways that surprise both Haw and the reader. But what about Hem? Does he too succeed? That is where the story-within-a-story ends. And this is where this plot analysis ends. Who Moved My Cheese? begins with an introduction, sets up the story-within-a-story, tells the story of the Mice and LittleMen, and then ends with an analysis of parts of the story by the fictional high school reunion friends who tell parts of their life stories to one another since their graduation. Now, as in Chaucer’s day, this is effective although some critics and some readers want to fend for themselves intellectually—and that’s okay. Now, the reader of this article may ask, what does this have to do with Rapides Parish, teachers, and our mutual situations, and why is this review in a technology newsletter? Simply put, we are all constantly in a stew of change, having to deal with umpteen million rapid-fire often confusing and disheartening failures in the classroom. Technology may be used to enhance a teacher’s already good lessons just as the ideas in Who Moved My Cheese? can make dealing with changes in our lives a little easier with more direction. The story depicts the Littlepeople attacking the same problem with the same tools and failing each time. However, with just a little divergent thinking, Haw is able to break through from his old methods into new techniques and achieve his ultimate goal. Each teacher can find his or her own â€Å"New Cheese† in the classroom using technology tools in the same way and more fully reach the ultimate goal of educating young people. Students grow, have fun and learn at the same time, and meet challenges in ways that please and surprise them as well as their teachers, all the while successfully achieving benchmarks like Haw succeeds at finding his New Cheese. In conclusion, Rapides Parish schools are in for some changes; it is true. But with the use of technology to assist us, we can still accomplish our one unchanging goal. Technology instructors and facilitators can guide us through all of the myriad twists and turns of software and hardware, giving us methods, information, advice, and even pre-written lessons which use technology in every subject area and at every grade level. The school district Web site at http://www. rapides. k12. la. us/region6tltc/tltc. htm shows a lot of what can be easily obtained by every teacher who wants to successfully adjust to the changes coming, and then both teachers and students can benefit.

james moody essays

james moody essays James Moody is a world-renowned saxophone player. He has played with many famous musicians, such as: Dizzy Gillespie and Miles Davis. In this past concert he played with Tim Jenkins on piano, Dwayne Dolphin on bass, and Roger Humphries on drums. This jazz band was the best I have ever seen. James Moody had very good improvisational skills on the three saxophones and even on the flute. He was very proficient on all four instruments. I liked the relaxed environment he provided with his jokes and laid back attitude. Tim Jenkins was excellent on the keys. He was able to stay with everyones solos and provide some very solid solos on his own. Dwayne Dolphin was good at playing the basic melodic lines, but when it came time for him to play solos he was behind or ahead of the beat. I believe that he was trying a little too hard. However, he was nice to listen too. Now for Roger Humphries. Being a drummer myself I was very excited to hear him play. He was absolutely wonderful. He was right on top of the beat the entire time, even when the bassist wasnt. His fills during the songs were very impressive. The best part was when he would play solos. I couldnt stop smiling. I was overall very happy with the performance. Im glad that we had to go because I would not have gone if it werent mandatory. I didnt know that it was going to be as good as it was. I would definitely go see him again if I had a chance. James Moody is the man. ...

The settling of America essays

The settling of America essays The settling of America began with an idea, the idea that people could join together and agree to govern themselves by making laws for the common good. They desired a place where men and women of deep religious convictions could come and practice their faith freely; a place where you could fulfill the desire to expand lands and produce great riches. The idea of a clean slate, religious freedom, self-government, and dreams of great riches only whetted the Englishs appetites. They wanted to set forth and start anew. The enclosure movement was the cause of one of the greatest changes in the landscape of rural England. Landlords were enclosing croplands for sheep grazing, forcing many small farmers to move off the land. Then the economic depression hit the woolen trade and farmers had to make a new life as beggars. But word on the street was that the New World had opportunities of great riches. This caused the farmers to immigrate to the New World. These farmers were forced to start a new life, and America seemed to give the open opportunity to do so. Protestant England was still persecuting Roman Catholics among numerous discriminations, such as a couple seeking to get married could not be legally united by a Catholic priest. The Founders of the American nation wanted to define the role of religious faith in public life. Religious discriminations evoked many Catholics to come to the Americas. Here they could create a haven where they could get away from such discriminations. Maryland was one colony that was created as a refuge for Catholics. Many other colonies were created for the sole purpose of religious freedom, not just for Catholics, but for any religion. In the New World the colonies started under the direct supervision of the Crown, but were private projects with little supervision by the English. Political and social awareness increased and the need for government and leadership were more defined. Civil disorder w...

Retail marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Retail marketing - Essay Example As Hahn puts it, it is the strength of the online shopping business like that of eBay that is inherent by the fact that it is online (Hahn, 2006). Use of the internet allows both the sellers and bidders to participate in online auctions from anywhere in the world. A seller let’s say in China can put up a doll in an online auction site that can be bid on by bidders that reside in the United States. In essence due to the absence of territorial barriers made possible through the use of the virtual space, items can be purchased by technically everybody anywhere in the world. Inherent in the worldwide interdependence of buyers and sellers is the comfort given to the buyers. The buyer simply sits in front of the computer, logs on to the online shopping site, uses an e-money, then waits for the delivery of the product. There is no longer a need for personal visit on stores which could require much effort especially for busy buyers. The Internet offers variety that is simply impossible in traditional stores (Postrel, 2004). Definitely, buyers do more than purchase items of their choice because they also work or study. More than the comfort offered by online shopping, time is saved for other purposes. Basically, the cost of participating into internet auctions through various retail agents is zero (Hahn, 2006). Online shopping also allows buyers to customize their products, as well as benefit from cheaper prices. As buyers are purchasing directly from the supplier, it eliminates the need for retailers and distributors who often add to the cost of the product . Postrel (2004) found that prices on the Internet were 6 percent to 16 percent lower than prices off-line. Aside from the fact that purchase through online auctions saves time, it also allows the buyer to offer a bid at the time convenient to him since there are time constraints (Miller and Layton, 2000). Bids

Seisin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seisin - Essay Example This enabled different people to access seized property while away in pilgrimage or crusade, without necessarily having the idea of the right of ownership (Harold p 313). In chapter 2, according to Magna Carta, the legal concept of seisin of barons or earls in the chief by the military service, at the time of death owes relief. The notion of seisin inheritance develops by the old shelter from which the heirs of a Knight owes less according to ancient custom fees on seisin land. Moreover, in chapter 4, the guardian of the seisin land, takes reasonable customs, services and produce from the heir of the earth (Batten p 104). In contrast, destruction or waste of goods and men, committed toward ship of the lands and any other minor to the sheriff responsible for issues, determines two discreet men of fee. Besides, the sale of wardship of land to anyone that makes destruction or waste losses wardship and the land transferred to lawful and discreet men of a fief. According to Chapter 12, the legal concept of seisin does not impose on any kingdom, unless directed by a joint council of the kingdom. However, the difference develops for individual cases such as ransoming, that makes the eldest son in the country a knight. The marrying of the eldest daughter in the country levies a reasonable aid in different cities such as London. Chapter 16, allows anyone to enjoy the benefits of seisin, and no one distrains the chance of greater service for knight’s fee in seisin land (Edgeworth, Brendan, Neave & Ronald p 267). In Magna Carta, chapter 18, the inquest of novel disseizing and darrein presentment does not hold anywhere than their own county courts, in solving cases based on seisin (Makdisi p 29). These forces were chief justifies sending two justifiers in every county four times a year. The justifies with four knights of the county chosen by the county hold assizes in the county court in the place of meeting within the court. Chapter 39

Buddhist Temples As Educational Centers For Spiritual Quest Essay

Buddhist Temples As Educational Centers For Spiritual Quest - Essay Example Buddhism is a choice religion for this, as it emphasises meditation, contemplation of nature, and non-traditional thinking. To understand how Buddhist temples can become educational centres for this kind of spiritual journey, one must first understand the nature of Spiritual quests and Buddhist faith, before looking again at the issue of questing and education. Spiritual quests have been an essential part of religious experience for most of recorded history. From shamanistic vision quests to the separations of Religious leaders, the spiritual quest is the path to enlightenment. These journeys often involve great challenges, difficulties or impossible tasks to be performed. Mythologies often depict heroes going on long journeys, and overcoming terrible odds in order to obtain valuable items, or important knowledge. The Scandinavian tale of Odin hanging from the world tree in order to obtain knowledge for human kind is one example of a spiritual quest. Often originating in personal cat astrophe, the spiritual quest seeks to bridge the divide between possible and impossible worlds. The seeker isolates him or herself from general society, and puts himself through an ordeal. Passing through that experience gives the seeker enlightenment, and they can then return to their society with the gifts that the quest has brought out and developed within them. In modern western society, the religious quest does not seem to be so important to us. Many people do not undertake these journeys - jobs, families and other ties mean that it would be extremely difficult to isolate yourself from the rest of society for long periods of time. In the present day, these quests are generally undertaken in less strenuous circumstances. Anyone wishing to perform an actual quest or journey can go on vacations to spiritual places, or join quest expeditions which Combine sightseeing with meditation, Yoga and other lessons in self-discovery and self empowerment (Andrews) Even if modern Western societies have adapted the spiritual practices of the past, then this does not mean that they are any less valid or challenging. In recent years, the spiritual quest has been compared with the scientific questioning of the world: The scientific quest is to discover the order in the external world of space, time energy and matter. The spiritual quest is to discover order in our consciousness. (Krishna) Krishna also emphasises the importance of personal experience in spiritual seeking. "In the spiritual quest, knowledge is not helpful" (Krishna). What is needed is an insight into the truth, the same insight which the spiritual leader once had: Buddha's student has to observe all over again and rediscover what the Buddha discovered, in order to come upon that order in his own consciousness. One simply cannot learn it like knowledge. (Krishna) Spiritual quests demand that the seeker not only know the works of the leader, but also attempt to go through the same journey than Buddha, Christ, Krishna, Odin, or any other religious leaders. In this sense, spiritual questing can bring about a greater understanding of the seeker's faith, and give true meaning to the texts of religious traditions. 2)Buddhism Buddhism is not necessarily what one would expect from a religion. Instead of teaching salvation though submission to a supernatural entity, Buddhist teachings focus upon the mind as the way to spirituality and understanding. While the Buddha is venerated as a god or gods might be in other religion, it is also true that he is seen as a